Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds formed from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of essential fatty acids (primarily arachidonic acid) without the direct action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Isoprostanes are non-classical eicosanoids and possess potent biological activity as inflammatory mediators that augment the perception of pain. Isoprostanes are accurate markers of lipid peroxidation in both animal and human models of oxidative stress, for example, when there is an excessive production of lipid peroxidation products, which may be involved in the development or exacerbation of cancer, isoprostane analysis may measure this process. Isoprostanes may be used in this manner for cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well. Although isoprostanes have a short half-life, some of them have potent biological activities, especially in the lungs and kidney, and may even function in normal physiology. Isoprostanes are useful markers for oxidative stress, and importantly they can be assayed by non-invasive means.
Isoprostanes have been detected in all biological fluids and tissues analyzed to date. There is growing acceptance that measurement of the relatively stable F2-isoprostanes, and 8-IsoPF2α in urine is a reliable non-invasive approach to the determination of the degree of oxidative stress in patients. Normal levels of isoprostanes in healthy humans have been defined, so that the effects of disease states and subsequent therapeutic intervention can be determined. Thus, increased levels of urinary isoprostanes have been measured in many conditions that have been associated with excessive generation of free radicals, including poisoning with carbon tetrachloride, smoking, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver, brain degeneration, ischemia–reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Urinary isoprostane analysis has also been used to assess the efficacy of antioxidants in vivo and to establish the value of antioxidant administration in clinical trials.
KS has developed one of the most extensive menus of isoprostanes commercially available. Utilizing LC/MS/MS methodology to measure isoprostanes in urine and serum, these assays can be ordered as a panel, individually, or in an ala carte fashion. Isoprostanes analyzed by KSL include: 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α (iPF2α–III)
iPF2α – VI, 2, 3 - dinor - 8-iso Prostaglandin F2α, 8,12-iso-iPF2α VI, 2,3-Dinor iPF1a-III, 2,3-Dinor-11ß-Prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso-15 (R ) Prostaglandin F2a and 11ß-Prostaglandin F2α
Note: Nomenclature and abbreviations of the isoprostanes vary from cited papers. Review the listed synonyms, CAS numbers and the structures below when making an inquiry on a desired assay.
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8-iso-Prostaglandin
F2α (IPF2a-III)
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iPF2α-VI
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2,3-dinor-8-iso
Prostaglandin F2α
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8,12-iso-iPF2α VI
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2,3-dinor-8-iso
Prostaglandin F1a
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2,3-Dinor-11ß-
Prostaglandin F2α
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 Prostaglandin F2a.png)
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8-iso-15(R)
Prostaglandin F2a
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11ß-Prostaglandin
F2α
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Isoprostane (Lipid Peroxidation) Assays by LC/MS/MS
Matrices: Serum (1.1mL SST tube) or Urine (2mL urine cup) SHIP FROZEN
8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α
CAS 27415-26-5
Synonyms:iPF2α–III, 15-F2t-isoprostane, iPF2α-III, 8-epi PGF2α, 8-Isoprostane
8-iso PGF2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. It is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. The ratio of these two forms is approximately 2:1. 8-iso PGF2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
iPF2α–VI
CAS 214977-79-4
Synonyms: 8-iso-5(R),6E,14Z-Prostaglandin F2α
Part of the VI isoprostanes, iPF2a VI forms in natural conditions of oxidative stress. This class has been shown to be one of the major isoprostane products, in contrast to 8-isoprostane. In addition to being produced in greater abundance than 8-isoprostane, Type VI isoprostanes form internal lactones which facilitate their extraction and purification from biological samples.
2, 3-dinor-8-iso Prostaglandin F2α
CAS 221664-05-7
Synonyms: 2,3-dinor-iPF2α-III, 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α
8-iso Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α; 8-isoprostane) is a prostaglandin-like product of non-specific lipid peroxidation. 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α is a metabolite of 8-iso PGF2α in humans and rats. In these species, exogenously infused 8-iso PGF2α is converted to 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α and (2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α. 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α is present in normal human urine and is increased in conditions of oxidative injury (for example, smoking), and correlates well with that of the parent isoprostane, 8-iso PGF2α.
8,12-iso-iPF2α VI CAS
N/A
Synonyms: 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-VI, 8,12-isoprostane F(2alpha)-VI
8,12-iso-iPF2α VI is one of the most abundantF2-iPs yet observed in human urine, presenting ~5-fold greater concentrations than iPF2 -VI(~20-fold greater than iPF2 -III). Elevated levels of 8,12-iso—iPF2a VI have been observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and congestive heart failure.
2,3-dinor-8-iso Prostaglandin F1α
CAS N/A
Synonyms: 2,3 dinor iPF1a-III, 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α
2,3-Dinor iPF1a-III F1α is the major urinary metabolite of the isoprostane 8-iso PGF2α in humans. 8-iso PGF2α (8-Isoprostane) is a prostaglandin-like product of non-specific lipid speroxidation. In both humans and monkeys, 8-isoprostane is converted primarily to a single metabolite which appears in the urine. This metabolite has been identified as 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α.2
2,3-Dinor-11ß-Prostaglandin F2α
CAS 240405-20-3
Synonyms: 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α
2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α was recovered from the urine of both normal monkeys and humans, and has also been recovered from the urine of mastocytosis patients, where it is excreted in large amounts. In human asthmatic patients, 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α levels are increased.
8-iso-15 (R) Prostaglandin F2a
CAS 214748-65-9
Synonyms: 8-iso-15-epi PGF2α
8-iso-15(R) PGF2α is one member of a large family of prostaglandin-like eicosanoids formed by the free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. It is the C-15 epimer of 8-iso PGF2α, and is the isoprostane isomer which has been most studied in depth in a variety of biological systems.
11ß-Prostaglandin F2α
CAS N/A
Synonyms:
11β-PGF2α is the primary plasma metabolite of PGD2 in vivo. When compared to normal human urinary excretion, levels are increased nearly 3-fold upon allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. It is equipotent to PGF2α in inducing human bronchial smooth muscle contractions and inhibition of adipose differentiation. 11β-PGF2α inhibits ADP or thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation.
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