Oxidative damage has been postulated to be a major factor in the loss of functional capacity during aging and numerous diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are found in the presence of several human diseases. Proteins can be important molecular biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative damage. To date, it is to be determined if this relationship is causative or simply correlative. The study of these modifications is contributing to establish a relationship between indication of the presence of disease and protein structural and functional changes. The identification and quantitative measurement of tyrosine products such as chlorotyrosine, dityrosine and nitrotyrosine are now being examined as such biomarkers. KSL utilizes LC/MS/MS methodology to examine chlorotyrosine, dityrosine and nitrotyrosine is plasma, serum and urine, providing quantitative results. This method provides a more sensitive result than immunological methods
To date, the research and development group at KSL has developed assays for chlorotyrosine, dityrosine and nitrotyrosine; having validated each in matrices of plasma, serum and urine. These assays Research has shown that chlorotyrosine, dityrosine and nitrotyrosine as potential biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, asthma, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, COPD, chronic renal failure, coronary artery disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, lung cancer, lung injury, MS and rheumatoid arthritis.
|
|
|
|
|
Chlorotyrosine
|
Dityrosine
|
Nitrotyrosine
|
Protein Oxidation Assays by LC/MS/MS
Matrices: Plasma (500uL, EDTA tube), Serum (500uL EDTA tube) or Urine (2mL urine cup) SHIP FROZEN
Chlorotyrosine
CAS 7423-93-0
Synonyms: 3-chloro-L-tyrosine, L-(8CI)-3-chloro-tyrosine, monochlorotyrosine
Chlorotyrosine, is a specific marker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation. Activated neutrophils generate the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). A proposed bio-marker for MPO-derived HOCl in vivo is 3-chlorotyrosine, elevated levels of which have been measured in several human inflammatory pathologies, which include; Acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, coronary artery disease, cystic fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis
Dityrosine
CAS 980-21-2
Synonyms: bityrosine, o,o'-dityrosine
Dityrosine has been found in oxidative stress under a variety of conditions and biological systems. As such, dityrosine has been used as an important biomarker for oxidative stress and aging. The presence of elevated levels of dityrosine in mammalian tissue and urine samples has been measured with increases in dityrosine levels associated with cataracts, atherosclerosis, acute inflammation, cystic fibrosis, end-stage renal disease and Alzheimer's disease. KSL has developed dityrosine assays utilizing LC/MS/MS methodology in plasma, serum and urine. These assays provide lower limits of detection than other methods.
Nitrotyrosine
CAS 621-44-3
Synonyms: 3-nitrotyrosine, 5-nitrotyrosine, m-nitrotyrosine
Nitrotyrosine is formed in tissue or blood proteins after exposure to nitrosating and/or nitrating agents. Reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite can nitrate specific amino acids, whether free or protein bound, and nitrotyrosine is believed to be one marker of this reaction. Nitrotyrosine has been widely studied and has been associated as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, asthma, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, COPD, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, lung cancer, lung injury, MS, myocardial inflammation, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have shown that nitrotyrosine may be modulated by statin therapy. Nitrotyrosine assays for plasma, serum and urine are available by LC/MS/MS.
For further inquiries concerning KS assays for Protein Oxidation, click here.